Hysteroscopy is a minimally invasive medical procedure that allows a doctor to examine the inside of the uterus. It involves the insertion of a thin, lighted tube called a hysteroscope through the vagina and cervix into the uterus. This procedure is commonly used for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, such as investigating abnormal bleeding, identifying the cause of infertility, removing polyps or fibroids, and performing sterilization procedures. Hysteroscopy is considered a safe and effective method for evaluating and treating various uterine conditions, offering advantages such as reduced recovery time and minimal discomfort compared to traditional surgical approaches. 

There are two main types of hysteroscopies: diagnostic hysteroscopy and operative hysteroscopy. These procedures are differentiated by their purposes and the extent of intervention involved. 

Diagnostic Hysteroscopy: 

• Purpose: This type of hysteroscopy is primarily used for examining the inside of the uterus to diagnose and evaluate potential issues. 
• Procedure: A thin hysteroscope is inserted through the cervix into the uterus, allowing the doctor to visualize the uterine lining and structures. Carbon dioxide gas or a liquid solution may be used to expand the uterus for better visibility. 
• Applications: Diagnostic hysteroscopy helps identify conditions such as abnormal bleeding, polyps, fibroids, adhesions, or congenital abnormalities. 

Operative Hysteroscopy: 

• Purpose: In operative hysteroscopy, the procedure goes beyond diagnosis to include the treatment of identified issues or conditions. 
• Procedure: Like diagnostic hysteroscopy, but with additional instruments passed through the hysteroscope to perform procedures like removing polyps, fibroids, or adhesions, and addressing other uterine abnormalities. 
• Applications: Operative hysteroscopy can be used for therapeutic purposes, such as removing abnormal growths, correcting structural problems, or treating conditions contributing to infertility. 

When should Hysteroscopy be carried out? 

Abnormal Uterine Bleeding: 

• In cases of abnormal uterine bleeding, hysteroscopy serves as a crucial diagnostic tool. By directly visualizing the interior of the uterus, this procedure allows healthcare professionals to identify and examine the source of irregularities such as heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding. The ability to observe the uterine cavity in real-time provides valuable insights into potential causes, guiding further treatment decisions. 

Infertility Evaluation: 

• Hysteroscopy plays a pivotal role in the evaluation of infertility. By meticulously examining the uterine cavity, healthcare providers can identify structural abnormalities or conditions that may hinder conception. This detailed assessment helps in formulating targeted treatment plans, addressing issues within the uterus that could be contributing to difficulties in achieving pregnancy. 

Polyps or Fibroids: 

• When dealing with polyps or fibroids within the uterus, hysteroscopy becomes a therapeutic intervention as well as a diagnostic tool. Following the identification of these abnormal growths, the procedure allows for their direct removal. Whether these growths are causing abnormal bleeding or impacting fertility, hysteroscopy provides a minimally invasive means of addressing such issues, promoting improved reproductive health. 

Sterilization Confirmation: 

• For individuals who have undergone sterilization procedures, hysteroscopy serves as a confirmatory step. By visually inspecting the uterine cavity, healthcare professionals can verify the success and effectiveness of the sterilization process. This direct examination ensures the absence of complications and offers reassurance regarding the reliability of the sterilization method employed, providing peace of mind to individuals seeking contraceptive certainty. 

What is the process of hysteroscopy? 

Hysteroscopy is a minimally invasive procedure performed to examine and, if necessary, treat the inside of the uterus. Typically conducted in an outpatient setting, the process involves the insertion of a hysteroscope, a thin and lighted tube, through the vagina and cervix, allowing direct visualization of the uterine cavity. To enhance visibility, the uterus may be expanded using carbon dioxide gas or a liquid solution. During diagnostic hysteroscopy, the healthcare provider examines the uterine lining and structures to identify any abnormalities. In operative hysteroscopy, additional instruments may be introduced through the hysteroscope for therapeutic interventions, such as the removal of polyps or fibroids. Hysteroscopy is known for its minimal discomfort and relatively quick recovery time, making it a valuable tool for both diagnosis and treatment of various uterine conditions. 

Complications associated with Hysteroscopy 

While hysteroscopy is generally considered a safe and well-tolerated procedure, like any medical intervention, it carries some potential risks and complications. Common complications may include: 

• Infection: There is a risk of infection, particularly if the hysteroscope introduces bacteria into the uterus. Antibiotics are often prescribed before or after the procedure to minimize this risk. 
• Bleeding: Some degree of bleeding is normal after hysteroscopy, but excessive bleeding is a potential complication. This risk is higher in operative hysteroscopy, where tissue is manipulated or removed. 
• Perforation: There is a small risk of perforation (making a hole) in the uterus, bladder, or bowel during hysteroscopy. This risk is higher in cases where the uterus is scarred or if aggressive procedures are performed. 
• Fluid Overload: If a liquid solution is used to expand the uterus during the procedure, there is a rare risk of fluid overload, which can affect the balance of electrolytes in the body. 
• Allergic Reactions: Some individuals may have an allergic reaction to medications or materials used during the procedure. 
• Anesthesia Complications: If the procedure involves general anesthesia, there are inherent risks associated with anesthesia administration, such as respiratory issues or allergic reactions.

Take the first step towards comprehensive women’s health with Dr. Ayesha, our dedicated expert in Hysteroscopy. Whether you’re seeking answers to concerns about abnormal bleeding, infertility, or other uterine conditions, Dr. Ayesha provides compassionate care and expertise. Schedule your consultation today to benefit from personalized, minimally invasive solutions tailored to your needs. Your journey to optimal reproductive health starts here – book your appointment now!